Eartha Kitt, the sultry singer, dancer and actress who rose from South Carolina cotton fields to become an international symbol of elegance and sensuality, has died.

Family friend Andrew Freedman said Kitt, 81, died of colon cancer. She was recently treated at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital in New York.

Kitt, a self-proclaimed "sex kitten" famous for her catlike purr, was one of America's most versatile performers, winning two Emmys and a third nomination. She was also nominated for several Tonys and two Grammys.

Her career spanned six decades, from her start as a dancer with the famed Katherine Dunham troupe to cabarets and acting and singing on stage, in films and on television.

She persevered through an unhappy childhood as a mixed-race daughter of the southern US and made headlines in the 1960s for denouncing the Vietnam War during a visit to the White House.

Through the years, Kitt remained a picture of vitality and attracted fans less than half her age even as she neared 80.

When her book Rejuvenate, a guide to staying physically fit, was published in 2001, Kitt was featured on the cover in a long, curve-hugging black dress. She also wrote three autobiographies.

Once dubbed the "most exciting woman in the world" by Orson Welles, she spent much of her life single, though brief romances with the rich and famous peppered her younger years.

After becoming a hit singing Monotonous in the Broadway revue New Faces of 1952, Kitt appeared in Mrs Patterson in 1954-55. She also made appearances in Shinbone Alley and The Owl And The Pussycat.

Her first album, RCA Victor Presents Eartha Kitt, came out in 1954, featuring such songs as I Want to Be Evil, C'est Si Bon and the saucy gold digger's theme song Santa Baby.

The next year, the record company released follow-up album That Bad Eartha, which featured Let's Do It, Smoke Gets In Your Eyes and My Heart Belongs To Daddy.

In 1996, she was nominated for a Grammy in the category of traditional pop vocal performance for her album Back In Business. She had also been nominated in the children's recording category for the 1969 record Folk Tales Of The Tribes of Africa.

Kitt also acted in films, playing the lead female role opposite Nat King Cole in St Louis Blues in 1958 and more recently appearing in Boomerang and Harriet The Spy in the 1990s.

On television, she was Catwoman on the popular Batman series in 1967-68, replacing Julie Newmar in the role. A guest appearance on an episode of I Spy brought Kitt an Emmy nomination in 1966.

"Generally the whole entertainment business now is bland," she said in 1996.

"It depends so much on gadgetry and flash now. You don't have to have talent to be in the business today.

"I think we had to have something to offer if you wanted to be recognised as worth paying for."